Different types of learning challenges
Learning disabilities can affect a child’s ability to read, write, or work with numbers, and they often become more noticeable in elementary school when academic demands increase. While every child learns at their own pace, some may struggle persistently in specific areas, indicating an underlying learning disability. Below are some of the most common learning disabilities diagnosed in elementary school and how they differ.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a language-based learning disability that primarily affects reading and spelling. Children with dyslexia often struggle with decoding words, recognizing sight words, and spelling accurately. They may read slowly, mix up letter sounds, or have difficulty understanding what they have read. Dyslexia is not related to intelligence; it affects how the brain processes written language. Early interventions like structured literacy programs like Orton-Gillingham can help children develop stronger reading skills.
Dysgraphia
Dysgraphia affects writing skills, including handwriting, spelling, and organizing thoughts on paper. Children with dysgraphia may have difficulty with letter formation, spacing, and writing fluency. They may also struggle with sentence structure and expressing ideas in written form. Unlike general fine motor skill challenges, dysgraphia involves difficulty with the cognitive and motor aspects of writing. Occupational therapy and assistive technology can support students with dysgraphia by helping them develop legible writing and alternative ways to express their thoughts.
Dyscalculia
Dyscalculia is a math-related learning disability that makes understanding numbers, patterns, and calculations challenging. Children with dyscalculia may struggle with number sense, memorizing math facts, and solving word problems. Unlike general math anxiety, dyscalculia stems from a difficulty in processing numerical information. Support strategies such as visual aids, step-by-step instruction, and hands-on learning can help children develop math skills.
ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)
While not classified as a learning disability, ADHD often impacts a child’s ability to learn effectively. Children with ADHD may struggle with focus, impulse control, and organization, making it challenging to complete assignments or follow multi-step directions. There are three types of ADHD: inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined. Accommodations such as structured routines, movement breaks, and executive functioning support can help children with ADHD stay engaged in learning.
How an Accurate Diagnosis Helps
Recognizing the differences between these learning disabilities is crucial for getting the right support. A comprehensive evaluation by a psychologist or educational specialist can identify a child’s specific challenges and guide appropriate interventions. With early identification and tailored support, children with learning disabilities can develop the skills they need to succeed academically and beyond.
Please get in touch with Dr. Roginsky to schedule a consultation if you suspect one or more of these may be relevant to yourself or your family member. We look forward to support you.
